Monitoring the UK climate and forecasting its meteorological changes with analysis
UK Climate Forecasting and Analysis
Climate Forecast UK Weather Stormy Atlantic Ocean Jet Stream Analysis and Reports
Vice-Admiral Robert Fitzroy was the founder of the UK Met Office which was formed in 1854. It is the UK’s National Weather Service operating from Exeter in Devon. Not all its staff of about 1700 work in Devon but are spread throughout the world in 60 locations. Since 2016 it is part of the Department for Business Energy and Industrial Strategy. In December 2018 Penelope Endersby took over as Chief Executive. The organisation is the world’s leader in providing accurate weather forecasting and research into climate change which it has been doing for more than 20 years. The men and women who work for the Met Office provide a vast array of services which benefit mankind.
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This website will examine the climate of the United Kingdom together with its weather conditions. Our climate is part of a global pattern of weather travelling to our shores across the North Atlantic with the aid of the high altitude jet streams of air. Most of the data will be supplied by the UK and the Icelandic Met Offices and by the United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
Latest Climate News from Sky
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
Grantham Institute on Climate Change and Environment
NOAA Assessing the global climate in January 2026
Copernicus Monthly Climate Bulletins
World Meteorological Organisation on Climate
Met Office Climate Newsletter
The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration was formed on the 3 October 1970 to amalgamate the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey the Weather Survey and the U.S. Commission Fish and Fisheries.
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The Icelandic Met Office is a public institution under the auspices of the Ministry for the Environment and Natural Resources historically based on the Icelandic Met Office and the Icelandic Hydrological Survey. They merged in 2009. The Icelandic Met Office has 135 full-time employees.
Climate Change
Includes both the global warming driven by human emissions of greenhouse gases and the resulting large-scale shifts in weather patterns. Though there have been previous periods of climatic change since the mid-20th century the rate of human impact on Earth's climate system and its global scale have been unprecedented. The largest driver has been the emission of greenhouse gases of which more than 90% are carbon dioxide and methane. Fossil fuel burning for energy consumption is the main source of these emissions with additional contributions from agriculture deforestation and industrial processes. Temperature rise is accelerated or tempered by climate feedbacks such as loss of sunlight-reflecting snow and ice cover increased water vapour - a greenhouse gas itself - and changes to land and ocean carbon sinks. Because land surfaces heat faster than ocean surfaces deserts are expanding and heat-waves and wildfires are more common. Environmental effects include the extinction or relocation of many species as their ecosystems change most immediately in coral reefs mountains and the Arctic.
Climate in a narrow sense is usually defined as the "average weather" or more rigorously as the statistical description in terms of the mean and variability of relevant quantities over a period ranging from months to thousands or millions of years. The classical period is 30 years as defined by the World Meteorological Organisation. These quantities are most often surface variables such as temperature precipitation and wind.
Copernicus Climate Bulletin September 2025
September 2025 was the sixth month in the last 27 months for which the global-average surface air temperature was not more than 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels.
Copernicus Climate Bulletin December 2025
According to the ERA5 data-set, globally December 2025 was: 0.49°C warmer than the 1991-2020 average for December, with an absolute surface air temperature of 13.15°C. The fifth-warmest December on record, 0.36°C cooler than the warmest December on record in 2023. 1.42°C warmer than an estimate of the pre-industrial December average for 1850-1900. Six months in 2025 had a global temperature estimate above the 1.5°C pre-industrial levels. This means that 22 months in the ERA5 data-set have recorded temperatures above this 1.5°C level, with most occurring in a near-continuous streak between July 2023 and April 2025, and the earliest three were January to March 2016.
Globally, the annual average for the latest 12-month period (January to December 2025) was: 0.59°C above the 1991-2020 average, and 1.47°C above the estimated 1850-1900 average used to define the pre-industrial level; only 0.01°C cooler than 2023, the second-warmest year, and 0.13°C cooler than 2024, the warmest year on record;0.17°C below the record global-average temperature anomaly of 0.76°C above the 1991-2020 average registered for each of the three 12-month periods ending in June, July and August 2024. The average temperature over Europe for the past 12 months (January to December 2025) was: the third warmest year at 1.17°C higher than the 1991-2020 annual average only 0.02°C cooler than 2020, the second-warmest year, and 0.30°C cooler than 2024, the warmest year on record for Europe 0.50°C cooler than the highest 12-month average on record for the continent (February 2024 to January 2025). In December 2025, most of Europe had warmer-than-average temperatures. The most pronounced anomalies were seen over central Norway and Sweden and in surrounding regions in Fennoscandia. Iceland also had notable warm conditions, with Christmas Eve – at 19.8°C – being the warmest 24th December on record at a station in the east of the country.
Copernicus Climate Bulletin October 2025
0.70°C warmer October 2025 ends a short period of five months that were below 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels. October is thus the 27th month in the ERA5 data record over that levethan the 1991-2020 average for October, with an absolute surface air temperature of 15.14°C. The third-warmest October on record, 0.16°C cooler than the record October of 2023 and only 0.11°C cooler than October 2024. 1.55°C warmer than an estimate of the pre-industrial October average for 1850-1900.