Monitoring the UK climate and forecasting its meteorological changes with analysis
UK Climate Forecasting and Analysis
Climate Forecast UK Weather Stormy Atlantic Ocean Jet Stream Analysis and Reports Flooding Air Quality
Vice-Admiral Robert Fitzroy was the founder of the UK Met Office which was formed in 1854. It is the UK’s National Weather Service operating from Exeter in Devon. Not all its staff of about 1700 work in Devon but are spread throughout the world in 60 locations. Since 2016 it is part of the Department for Business Energy and Industrial Strategy. In December 2018 Penelope Endersby took over as Chief Executive. The organisation is the world’s leader in providing accurate weather forecasting and research into climate change which it has been doing for more than 20 years. The men and women who work for the Met Office provide a vast array of services which benefit mankind.
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This website will examine the climate of the United Kingdom together with its weather conditions. Our climate is part of a global pattern of weather travelling to our shores across the North Atlantic with the aid of the high altitude jet streams of air. Most of the data will be supplied by the UK and the Icelandic Met Offices and by the United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
Latest Climate News from Sky
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
Grantham Institute on Climate Change and Environment
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World Meteorological Organisation on Climate
Met Office Climate Newsletter
The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration was formed on the 3 October 1970 to amalgamate the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey the Weather Survey and the U.S. Commission Fish and Fisheries.
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The Icelandic Met Office is a public institution under the auspices of the Ministry for the Environment and Natural Resources historically based on the Icelandic Met Office and the Icelandic Hydrological Survey. They merged in 2009. The Icelandic Met Office has 135 full-time employees.
Climate Change
Includes both the global warming driven by human emissions of greenhouse gases and the resulting large-scale shifts in weather patterns. Though there have been previous periods of climatic change since the mid-20th century the rate of human impact on Earth's climate system and its global scale have been unprecedented. The largest driver has been the emission of greenhouse gases of which more than 90% are carbon dioxide and methane. Fossil fuel burning for energy consumption is the main source of these emissions with additional contributions from agriculture deforestation and industrial processes. Temperature rise is accelerated or tempered by climate feedbacks such as loss of sunlight-reflecting snow and ice cover increased water vapour - a greenhouse gas itself - and changes to land and ocean carbon sinks. Because land surfaces heat faster than ocean surfaces deserts are expanding and heat-waves and wildfires are more common. Environmental effects include the extinction or relocation of many species as their ecosystems change most immediately in coral reefs mountains and the Arctic.
Climate in a narrow sense is usually defined as the "average weather" or more rigorously as the statistical description in terms of the mean and variability of relevant quantities over a period ranging from months to thousands or millions of years. The classical period is 30 years as defined by the World Meteorological Organisation. These quantities are most often surface variables such as temperature precipitation and wind.
Copernicus Climate Bulletin September 2025
September 2025 was the sixth month in the last 27 months for which the global-average surface air temperature was not more than 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels.
Copernicus Climate Bulletin November 2025
November 2025 was the third-warmest November globally, with an average surface air temperature of 14.02°C, 0.65°C above the 1991-2020 average for November, according to the ERA5 dataset. November 2025 was 1.54°C above the estimated 1850-1900 average used to define the pre-industrial level, the second month – after October 2025 – above 1.50°C since April 2025. The global-average temperature for the boreal autumn 2025 (September to November) was the third highest on record at 0.67°C above the 1991-2020 average, and cooler only than the boreal autumns of 2023 and 2024.The average temperature over European land for November 2025 was 5.74°C, 1.38°C above the 1991-2020 average for November, making it the fifth warmest November. Europe had its fourth-warmest autumn season on record at 1.06°C above the 1991-2020 average. The average sea surface temperature (SST) for November 2025 over 60°S–60°N was 20.42°C, the fourth-highest value on record for the month, 0.29°C below the November 2023 record. In the Arctic, the average sea ice extent in November was 12% below average, ranking as the second lowest for the month. In the Antarctic, the monthly sea ice extent was the fourth lowest for November, at 7% below average. November 2025 was wetter than average across the UK, Ireland, Portugal, Spain, northwestern Russia and much of the Balkans, with particularly heavy rainfall in Albania and Greece. Storm Claudia contributed to widespread wet conditions in western Europe. Drier-than-average conditions were seen in Iceland, southern Spain, northern Italy, central Germany and Sweden, while drought warnings persisted across southeastern Europe, particularly in southwestern Russia, Ukraine and Türkiye. Autumn 2025 was wetter than average across Ireland and the UK, much of Scandinavia, the western Iberian Peninsula and southeast Spain, as well as central Europe.
Published on the 9 December 2025
Copernicus Climate Bulletin October 2025
0.70°C warmer October 2025 ends a short period of five months that were below 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels. October is thus the 27th month in the ERA5 data record over that levethan the 1991-2020 average for October, with an absolute surface air temperature of 15.14°C. The third-warmest October on record, 0.16°C cooler than the record October of 2023 and only 0.11°C cooler than October 2024. 1.55°C warmer than an estimate of the pre-industrial October average for 1850-1900.