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Climate Change Flooding UK Weather Atlantic Ocean Reports Jet Stream Air Quality

November started on a warm note, with temperatures widely above average and in some areas 6-7°C above average on the 4th and 5th. However, it was also a wet start to the month as frontal systems brought bands of rain across the country, occasionally heavy. The 14th saw exceptionally heavy rain across central and southern England as well as parts of Northern Ireland as Storm Claudia, named by the Spanish Meteorological Service, swept through. Temperatures dropped following Claudia associated with a northerly influx of Arctic Maritime air. There were some hard frosts with the daily minimum temperature on 21st falling to -12.6°C at Tomintoul, Moray; notable although not exceptional for this stage in November. Wintry showers in a northerly flow also led to some weather impacts, particularly across the North York Moors where lying snow made conditions on roads extremely difficult. Temperatures recovered during the last few days, with the month closing as mild, westerly and very wet Atlantic weather systems resumed.


 

Read the full UK Weather and Climate Summary for November 2025


November 2025 ranked as the third-warmest November in NOAA's 176-year record, with a global surface temperature 1.18°C (2.12°F) above the 20th-century average. The ten warmest Novembers have all occurred since 2015, with the most recent three years (2023, 2024, and 2025) comprising the top three. This month marked the 49th-consecutive November with above-average temperatures. Global land surface temperature ranked as the fourth warmest for November, at 2.09°C (3.76°F) above average. Meanwhile, global ocean surface temperature was also fourth warmest on record, at 0.77°C (1.39°F) above average. El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO)—a climate pattern that affects global weather and influences global temperatures—remained in its cold phase (La Niña) during November 2025. According to NOAA's Climate Prediction Center, La Niña is expected to persist, with a likely transition to ENSO-neutral conditions (68% probability) during January–March 2026. Driven by unusual warmth throughout the month, North America experienced its second-warmest November on record. The temperature departure exceeded 3.0°C (5.4°F) for only the second time on record, falling just 0.06°C (0.11°F) shy of the 2016 record. Europe also experienced its second-warmest November on record at 2.20°C (3.96°F) above average. This value was 0.17°C (0.31°F) cooler than the 2015 record. The September–November global surface temperature was 1.19°C (2.14°F) above the 20th-century average, ranking as the third-warmest September–November since global records began in 1850. The ten warmest September–November periods have all occurred since 2015, with the last three years (2023, 2024, and 2025) occupying the top three spots.


Global Climate Report for November 2025



 








UK Climate Forecast  38 Union Street  Grantham  Lincolnshire  NG31 6NZ  


Ocean temperatures are off the charts right now and scientists are alarmed


One major driver of the heat is believed to be an approaching – and potentially strong – El Niño, a natural climate fluctuation associated with warming in the central and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean, which has a global heating effect.

State of the Global Climate 2024 published by WMO in Geneva in 2025  

The goal of climate analysis is to better understand the Earth’s past and present climate, and to predict future climate response to changes in natural and human-induced factors, such as the Sun, greenhouse gases (e.g., water vapour, carbon dioxide and methane), and aerosols (e.g., from dust storms, pollution, fires, sea spray or volcanic eruptions). Climate analysis studies are routinely carried out using a mix of data from diverse sources including historical climate data, current and past satellite instruments, field campaigns, and outputs from regional and global numerical models. A climatic data element is a measured parameter which helps to specify the climate of a specific location or region, such as precipitation, temperature, wind speed and humidity.




State of the UK Climate Report 2024 published on the 14 July 2025


Climate change indicators reached record levels in 2023 WMO press release 19 March 2024

Climate Change Committee Progress in adapting to climate change: 2025 report to Parliament

Copernicus Climate Bulletin September 2025. Published on the 9 October 2025

September 2025 was the third-warmest September globally, with an average ERA5 surface air temperature of 16.11°C, 0.66°C above the 1991-2020 average for September. September 2025 was 0.27°C cooler than the warmest September on record, in 2023, and only 0.07°C cooler than September 2024. The average temperature over European land for September 2025 was 15.95°C, 1.23°C above the 1991-2020 average for September, ranking fifth highest on record for the month. The average sea surface temperature (SST) for September 2025 over 60°S–60°N was 20.72°C, the third-highest value on record for the month, 0.20°C below the September 2023 record. In the Arctic, the daily sea ice extent reached its 14th-lowest annual minimum in the satellite record, while the monthly extent ranked 13th lowest, at 12% below average, well above the record low of -32% observed in September 2012. Regionally, below-average sea ice concentrations were most pronounced north of Svalbard and Franz Josef Land and in the Beaufort Sea. September 2025 was wetter than average in northwestern and central Europe, Fennoscandia, along the eastern Black Sea coast, and in parts of Italy and coastal regions of Croatia and eastern Spain. In some cases, heavy rainfall caused flooding and associated disruptions. Most of the Iberian Peninsula, the Norwegian coast, much of peninsular Italy, the Balkans, as well as parts of Ukraine and western Russia, were drier than average.



Copernicus Climate Bulletin. Published on the 5 November 2025

The Copernicus Climate Change Service global temperature-trend-monitor application highlights a significant acceleration in global temperature rise since the adoption of the Paris Agreement. When the Agreement was approved in December 2015, the app projected that the 1.5°C threshold would be reached by March 2045. Today, a decade later, the benchmark is projected to be reached by May 2029.

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